IoT devices can operate with limited connectivity, but their performance and capabilities may vary depending on the application and system design. Many IoT systems are designed with edge computing capabilities, allowing devices to process data locally without needing constant cloud communication. This local data processing helps minimize latency, conserve bandwidth, and ensure continued operation even during network disruptions. For instance, in remote agricultural areas or industrial setups where network access is unstable, IoT devices can continue monitoring conditions, executing preset rules, and storing data for later transmission once the connection is restored.

Moreover, low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) like LoRaWAN and NB-IoT are designed for environments where limited connectivity is a concern. These protocols enable long-range communication at low data rates, ideal for transmitting small packets of sensor data over vast distances with minimal infrastructure.

However, real-time decision-making or cloud-dependent functionalities may be restricted during low connectivity periods. Designing resilient systems with offline capabilities, data buffering, and smart synchronization methods is crucial for uninterrupted performance.

To gain practical knowledge and hands-on experience in designing such systems, consider exploring an IoT professional certification.