Traditional Recipe:
"Add some flour and mix until it looks right"

Programming Recipe:
1. Add exactly 2 cups of flour
2. Mix for 3 minutes at medium speed
3. If mixture is too dry, add 1 tablespoon of water
4. Repeat step 3 until mixture reaches desired consistency

if age >= 18:
    print("You can vote!")
else:
    print("You're too young to vote.")

Source Code → Compiler → Machine Code → Execution
    C++           GCC         Binary      Fast Running

Source Code → Interpreter → Execution
   Python         Python        Real-time
                  Engine        Running

# Creating variables is like labeling boxes
name = "Alice"           # A box labeled 'name' containing text
age = 25                # A box labeled 'age' containing a number
height = 5.6            # A box labeled 'height' containing a decimal
is_student = True       # A box labeled 'is_student' containing True/False

user_name = "John"
total_score = 95
is_game_over = False

2name = "John"        # Can't start with number
user-name = "John"    # Can't use hyphens
class = "Math"        # Can't use Python keywords

# Numbers
whole_number = 42              # Integer (int)
decimal_number = 3.14159       # Float
complex_number = 2 + 3j        # Complex

# Text
greeting = "Hello, World!"     # String (str)
single_char = 'A'             # Also a string

# Boolean (True/False)
is_sunny = True               # Boolean (bool)
is_raining = False

# Check the type of any variable
print(type(whole_number))     # <class 'int'>
print(type(greeting))         # <class 'str'>

# Personal information
first_name = "Emma"
last_name = "Watson"
full_name = first_name + " " + last_name
age = 33
birth_year = 2024 - age

print(f"Hello, {full_name}!")
print(f"You were born in {birth_year}")

# Shopping cart
item_price = 29.99
quantity = 3
total_cost = item_price * quantity
tax_rate = 0.08
final_cost = total_cost + (total_cost * tax_rate)

print(f"Total cost with tax: ${final_cost:.2f}")

# Your solution here
name = "Your Name"
age = 0
city = "Your City"
hobby = "Your Hobby"

# Print a sentence using all variables

# Your solution here
length = 10
width = 5

# Calculate area and perimeter
# Print the results

# Your solution here
celsius = 25

# Formula: fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32
# Print both temperatures

# Different ways to create strings
single_quotes = 'Hello, World!'
double_quotes = "Hello, World!"
triple_quotes = """This is a 
multi-line
string"""

# Strings can contain any characters
mixed_string = "I have 3 cats and 2 dogs! 🐱🐶"

# Concatenation (joining strings)
first_name = "John"
last_name = "Doe"
full_name = first_name + " " + last_name
print(full_name)  # John Doe

# Repetition
laugh = "Ha" * 3
print(laugh)  # HaHaHa

# Length
message = "Hello, Python!"
print(len(message))  # 14

# Accessing individual characters (like opening specific drawers)
first_letter = message[0]    # H
last_letter = message[-1]    # !

text = "  Hello, Python World!  "

# Case changes
print(text.upper())        # "  HELLO, PYTHON WORLD!  "
print(text.lower())        # "  hello, python world!  "
print(text.title())        # "  Hello, Python World!  "

# Cleaning up
print(text.strip())        # "Hello, Python World!"
print(text.replace("Python", "Amazing Python"))

# Checking content
print(text.startswith("Hello"))    # False (because of spaces)
print(text.strip().startswith("Hello"))  # True
print("Python" in text)           # True

# Splitting and joining
words = "apple,banana,cherry".split(",")
print(words)               # ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
joined = "-".join(words)
print(joined)              # "apple-banana-cherry"

name = "Alice"
age = 30
score = 95.5

# Method 1: f-strings (recommended - like fill-in-the-blank)
print(f"Hello, {name}! You are {age} years old.")
print(f"Your score is {score:.1f}%")

# Method 2: .format() method
print("Hello, {}! You are {} years old.".format(name, age))

# Method 3: % formatting (older style)
print("Hello, %s! You are %d years old." % (name, age))

# Email validator (basic)
email = "user@example.com"
if "@" in email and "." in email:
    username = email.split("@")[0]
    domain = email.split("@")[1]
    print(f"Username: {username}")
    print(f"Domain: {domain}")
else:
    print("Invalid email format")

# Text analyzer
text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
print(f"Text: {text}")
print(f"Length: {len(text)} characters")
print(f"Words: {len(text.split())} words")
print(f"Uppercase: {text.upper()}")
print(f"Title case: {text.title()}")
print(f"Contains 'fox': {'fox' in text}")

# Get a full name and format it properly
full_name = "jOhN dOe"
# Make it: "John Doe"
# Print first name and last name separately

sentence = "Python is an amazing programming language"
# Count how many words
# Count how many characters (including spaces)
# Count how many times 'a' appears

message = "Hello"
# Create a simple cipher by replacing each letter with the next one
# H -> I, e -> f, l -> m, etc.
# Hint: Use ord() and chr() functions

If it's raining → wear a raincoat
Else if it's cold → wear a jacket  
Else if it's hot → wear a t-shirt
Else → wear normal clothes

# Simple if statement
age = 18
if age >= 18:
    print("You can vote!")
    print("You're an adult!")

# The code here runs regardless of the condition
print("This always runs")

temperature = 75

if temperature > 80:
    print("It's hot! Wear light clothes.")
else:
    print("It's not too hot. Dress normally.")

# More complex example
password = "secret123"
user_input = "secret123"

if password == user_input:
    print("Access granted!")
    print("Welcome to the system!")
else:
    print("Access denied!")
    print("Incorrect password!")

score = 87

if score >= 90:
    grade = "A"
    print("Excellent work!")
elif score >= 80:
    grade = "B" 
    print("Good job!")
elif score >= 70:
    grade = "C"
    print("Not bad!")
elif score >= 60:
    grade = "D"
    print("You need to study more.")
else:
    grade = "F"
    print("You failed. Try again!")

print(f"Your grade is: {grade}")

# Numbers
x = 10
y = 5

print(x == y)    # Equal to: False
print(x != y)    # Not equal to: True
print(x > y)     # Greater than: True
print(x < y)     # Less than: False
print(x >= y)    # Greater than or equal: True
print(x <= y)    # Less than or equal: False

# Strings
name1 = "Alice"
name2 = "Bob"
print(name1 == name2)    # False
print(name1 < name2)     # True (alphabetical order)

age = 25
has_license = True
has_insurance = True

# AND operator (all conditions must be True)
if age >= 18 and has_license and has_insurance:
    print("You can drive!")

# OR operator (at least one condition must be True)
is_weekend = False
is_holiday = True

if is_weekend or is_holiday:
    print("No work today!")

# NOT operator (reverses True/False)
is_raining = False
if not is_raining:
    print("Let's go for a walk!")

weather = "sunny"
temperature = 75

if weather == "sunny":
    if temperature > 70:
        print("Perfect day for the beach!")
    else:
        print("Sunny but a bit cold. Maybe a walk in the park?")
else:
    if weather == "rainy":
        print("Stay inside and read a book!")
    else:
        print("Check the weather and decide!")

# Simple calculator
num1 = 10
num2 = 5
operation = "+"

if operation == "+":
    result = num1 + num2
elif operation == "-":
    result = num1 - num2
elif operation == "*":
    result = num1 * num2
elif operation == "/":
    if num2 != 0:
        result = num1 / num2
    else:
        result = "Error: Division by zero!"
else:
    result = "Error: Unknown operation!"

print(f"{num1} {operation} {num2} = {result}")

# Age category classifier
age = 25

if age < 0:
    category = "Invalid age"
elif age < 13:
    category = "Child"
elif age < 20:
    category = "Teenager"
elif age < 60:
    category = "Adult"
else:
    category = "Senior"

print(f"Age {age} is classified as: {category}")

# Create a program that assigns letter grades based on numerical scores
score = 85
# 90-100: A, 80-89: B, 70-79: C, 60-69: D, Below 60: F
# Also add + and - grades (e.g., 87 = B+, 83 = B-)

year = 2024
# A year is leap if:
# - Divisible by 4 AND not divisible by 100
# - OR divisible by 400
# Test with years: 2000, 1900, 2024, 2023

correct_username = "admin"
correct_password = "password123"

username = "admin"
password = "password123"

# Check if both username and password are correct
# Give appropriate messages for different scenarios

# Basic for loop with range
print("Counting to 5:")
for number in range(1, 6):  # 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    print(f"Count: {number}")

# Loop through a list of items
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]
print("\nFruits in my basket:")
for fruit in fruits:
    print(f"I have a {fruit}")

# Loop through a string
word = "Python"
print(f"\nLetters in '{word}':")
for letter in word:
    print(f"Letter: {letter}")

# range(stop) - starts from 0
for i in range(5):
    print(i)  # 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

# range(start, stop)
for i in range(2, 7):
    print(i)  # 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

# range(start, stop, step)
for i in range(0, 10, 2):
    print(i)  # 0, 2, 4, 6, 8

# Countdown
for i in range(10, 0, -1):
    print(f"Countdown: {i}")
print("Blast off! 🚀")

# Basic while loop
count = 1
while count <= 5:
    print(f"Count is: {count}")
    count += 1  # Same as count = count + 1

# User input loop
user_input = ""
while user_input != "quit":
    user_input = input("Enter 'quit' to exit: ")
    if user_input != "quit":
        print(f"You entered: {user_input}")

print("Goodbye!")

# Break - exit the loop completely
print("Finding the first even number:")
for number in range(1, 10):
    if number % 2 == 0:
        print(f"Found even number: {number}")
        break
    print(f"{number} is odd")

# Continue - skip to next iteration
print("\nPrinting only odd numbers:")
for number in range(1, 10):
    if number % 2 == 0:
        continue  # Skip even numbers
    print(f"Odd number: {number}")

# Multiplication table
print("Multiplication Table:")
for i in range(1, 4):  # Rows
    for j in range(1, 4):  # Columns
        result = i * j
        print(f"{i} x {j} = {result}")
    print()  # Empty line after each row

# Pattern printing
print("Triangle pattern:")
for row in range(1, 6):
    for star in range(row):
        print("*", end="")
    print()  # New line after each row

# Password validator
def validate_password(password):
    has_upper = False
    has_lower = False
    has_digit = False

    for char in password:
        if char.isupper():
            has_upper = True
        elif char.islower():
            has_lower = True
        elif char.isdigit():
            has_digit = True

    return has_upper and has_lower and has_digit and len(password) >= 8

# Test passwords
passwords = ["Password123", "password", "PASSWORD", "Pass123"]
for pwd in passwords:
    if validate_password(pwd):
        print(f"'{pwd}' is a strong password ✓")
    else:
        print(f"'{pwd}' is a weak password ✗")

# Number guessing game simulation
import random

target = random.randint(1, 10)
guess = 0
attempts = 0

print("I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 10...")
while guess != target and attempts < 3:
    guess = random.randint(1, 10)  # Simulating user guess
    attempts += 1

    if guess == target:
        print(f"Correct! The number was {target}")
        print(f"It took {attempts} attempts")
    elif guess < target:
        print(f"Guess {guess} is too low")
    else:
        print(f"Guess {guess} is too high")

if guess != target:
    print(f"Sorry! The number was {target}")

# Enumerate - get both index and value
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):
    print(f"{index + 1}. {fruit}")

# Zip - loop through multiple lists together
names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]
ages = [25, 30, 35]
cities = ["New York", "London", "Tokyo"]

for name, age, city in zip(names, ages, cities):
    print(f"{name} is {age} years old and lives in {city}")

# List comprehension - create lists with loops
squares = [x**2 for x in range(1, 6)]
print(squares)  # [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

even_squares = [x**2 for x in range(1, 11) if x % 2 == 0]
print(even_squares)  # [4, 16, 36, 64, 100]

# Calculate the sum of all numbers from 1 to 100
# Use both a for loop and a while loop
# Compare your results

# Print this pattern:
# *
# **
# ***
# ****
# *****
# ****
# ***
# **
# *

# Find all prime numbers between 1 and 50
# A prime number is only divisible by 1 and itself
# Hint: Use nested loops to check divisibility

text = "python is great and python is easy to learn python"
# Count how many times each word appears
# Print the results