Encapsulating conditionals is a crucial aspect of writing clean and maintainable PHP code. It involves structuring your code in a way that reduces complexity, improves readability, and makes it easier to extend and modify. Here are some principles and techniques for encapsulating conditionals in PHP code:

#BAD
if($article->state == 'published'){
 // ...
}

#GOOD
if($article->isPublished()){
  // ...
}

# in Article Model 
const PUBLISHED = 'published';
public function isPublished(){
   return $this->state == self::PUBLISHED;
}