I am making this list to make it easier to find sources for publically available data sources which upcoming data scientists/data enthusiasts could play with.

Generic datasets

• U.S Government's public data: DATA.GOV
• Indian Government's public data: DATA.GOV.IN
• Public data from World Bank: World Bank
• Data by the Reserve Bank of India: RBI
• Five Thirty Eight: F38

Large Datasets

• Amazon Web Services: AWS
• Google Datasets: Google DS
• Youtube: YT labelled video datasets

Predictive modelling and ML

• UCI Machine Learning Repository
• Kaggle
• Financial / economic data: Quandl
• Driven Data

Image classification

• Hand-written digits: MNIST
• Character recognition: Chars74k
• Face: Frontal Face images
• Generic: ImageNet

Sentiment analysis

• Twitter: Twitter sentiment analysis

Miscellaneous

• MovieLens
• KDNuggets
• Awesome Public Dataset
• Dataset Search by Google

Hope this helped 💖